Ngā Pūrongo

TE HĪTORI ME TE WHAKAWHĀNUITANGA O TE WHAKAMĀTAURANGA I ROTO I NGĀ UAUA

I tīmata te tuku rongoā ki roto i te uaua i te rautau tekau mā whitu, i te wā i werohia ai e Christopher Wren te opium ki roto i tētahi kurī mā te whakamahi i tētahi huruhuru kūkū me te pūkahukahu poaka, ā, ka 'pōrangi' te kurī. I ngā tau 1930, i whakaurua te hexobarbital me te pentothal ki roto i ngā mahi haumanu.

I te tekau tau atu i 1960, i hangaia ai ngā tauira me ngā whārite mō ngā werohanga IV, ā, i te tekau tau atu i 1980, i whakaurua mai ngā pūnaha werohanga IV e whakahaerehia ana e te rorohiko. I te tau 1996 i whakaurua mai ai te pūnaha werohanga tuatahi e whakahaerehia ana e te whāinga (te 'Diprufusor').

WHAKAMĀRAMATANGA

A te werohanga whainga-whakahaerehe werohanga e whakahaeretia ana i roto i tētahi tikanga hei whakatutuki i te kukū o te rongoā kua tautuhia e te kaiwhakamahi ki roto i tētahi wāhanga tinana e hiahiatia ana, i tētahi kiko rānei e hiahiatia ana. I te tau 1968 i whakaarohia tuatahitia ai tēnei ariā e Kruger Thiemer.

NGĀ RONGOĀ

Te rahinga o te tohatoha.

Koinei te rahinga kitea e tohatohahia ana te rongoā. Ka tatauhia mā te tātai: Vd = horopeta/kukū o te rongoā. Ko tōna uara ka whakawhirinaki ki te mea ka tatauhia i te wā kore - i muri i te werohanga (Vc) i te āhua pumau rānei i muri i te werohanga (Vss).

Te whakakorenga.

Ko te whakakorenga e tohu ana i te rahinga o te toto toto (Vp) e tangohia ana te rongoā i ia wā hei whakaaro mō tōna whakakorenga i te tinana. Ko te whakakorenga = Whakakorenga X Vp.

I te pikinga o te whakawāteatanga, ka heke te haurua-ora, ā, i te pikinga o te rahinga tohatoha ka heke anō hoki te haurua-ora. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te whakawāteatanga hei whakaahua i te tere o te nekehanga o te rongoā i waenga i ngā wāhanga. Ka tohatohahia te rongoā i te tuatahi ki roto i te wāhanga pokapū i mua i te tohatoha ki ngā wāhanga taha. Mena e mōhiotia ana te rahinga tohatoha tuatahi (Vc) me te kukū e hiahiatia ana mō te pānga rongoā (Cp), ka taea te tatau i te horopeta uta hei whakatutuki i taua kukū:

Horomanga uta = Cp x Vc

Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei tatau i te horopeta bolus e hiahiatia ana hei whakanui tere i te kukū i te wā e werohia tonutia ana: Horomanga Bolus = (Cnew – Cactual) X Vc. Ko te tere o te werohanga hei pupuri i te āhua pumau = Cp X Clearance.

Kāore e taea e ngā tikanga werohanga ngāwari te whakatutuki i te kukū toto pumau tae noa ki te iti rawa e rima ngā whakarea o te haurua-ora whakakorenga. Ka taea te whakatutuki tere ake i te kukū e hiahiatia ana mēnā ka whaihia he horopeta bolus me te tere werohanga.